GCSE Chemistry OCR A J248

explain, using the position of carbon in the reactivity series, the principles of industrial processes used to extract metals, including extraction of a non-ferrous metal

the principles of using carbon to extract iron and other metals from their ores

explain why and how electrolysis is used to extract some metals from their ores

**evaluate alternative biological methods of metal extraction

bacterial and phytoextraction**

**explain the trade-off between rate of production of a desired product and position of equilibrium in some industrially important processes

the Haber process and Contact process**

interpret graphs of reaction conditions versus rate

explain how the commercially used conditions for an industrial process are related to the availability and cost of raw materials and energy supplies, control of equilibrium position and rate

explain the importance of the Haber process in agricultural production

compare the industrial production of fertilisers with laboratory syntheses of the same products

recall the importance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compounds in agricultural production

describe the industrial production of fertilisers as several integrated processes using a variety of raw materials

ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate

describe the basic principles in carrying out a life-cycle assessment of a material or product

*the use of resources and impact on the environment of all stages of a life-cycle assessment:

• making materials for a product from raw materials through to the process used to make the product
• the use of the product
• transport of the product
• the method used for its disposal at the end of its life*

interpret data from a life-cycle assessment of a material or product

describe a process where a material or product is recycled for a different use, and explain why this is viable

evaluate factors that affect decisions on recycling

describe the composition of some important alloys in relation to their properties and uses

steel, brass, bronze, solder, duralumin

describe the process of corrosion and the conditions which cause corrosion

iron and other metals

explain how mitigation of corrosion is achieved by creating a physical barrier to oxygen and water and by sacrificial protection

compare quantitatively the physical properties of glass and clay ceramics, polymers, composites and metals

explain how the properties of materials are related to their uses and select appropriate materials given details of the usage required